Essay on The Importance of Communication in an Organization

Communication is an important skill for people to have in an organisation. Through the interpersonal communication (communication between two or more people) process, people can exchange information, create motivation, express feelings or apply penalties for inappropriate behavior, all within the workplace (Robbins, et al, 2009). According to Eunson (2008) people who lack communication skills in the organisation should be trained to deal with different situation that involve communicating effectively (p. 554). In response to Eunson (2008), this essay aims to prove why interpersonal communication is an important skill to have and how organisation can train employees and managers to use these skills within the workplace. Additionally, the†¦show more content†¦By being aware of the interpersonal communication skills, managers can understand an employee’s attitudes and beliefs through the verbal and non-verbal gesture they offer. For instance, a manager who is aware of in terpersonal communication skills will be able to pick on an employees attitudes and beliefs towards a designated job and being able to attune the job requirements to the preferences of the employee. In addition, understanding different models of communication enable members inside and outside an organisation to depict different messages being provided by the employee or customer and develop their communication skills. The Shannon and Weaver model of communication was developed to show the effects of communication between two people (Kikoski, 1993). In the Shannon and Weaver model, a message is encoded (via a symbolic form) from a source (the sender) through a medium called a channel, and decoded (retranslated) by the receiver. However, the message can be interrupted by a process called noise and can result in discrepancy and sometimes negative feedback from the receiver (Bowman and Targowski, 1987). In response to the Shannon and Weaver model of communication, through the identification of any noise within the communication process, as a result of the manager level of attunement in communication skills, the encodedShow MoreRelatedImportance of Communications in an Organization1 496 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of Communications in an Organization Your Name Your College or University Abstract The accelerating pace of change is creating an exceptional level of turbulence in even the most well-run organizations today. Combined with uncertainty over roles, responsibilities and jobs, employees are more anxious and concerned with the future direction of the organizations they are members of than ever before. Thats why communications within organization is so critical today, specifically theRead MoreImportance of Communication within and Outside an Organization1752 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Communication is an important aspect within and outside an organization, mostly when there are complex multiple issues that need to be addressed. When crisis arises, it is necessary for the organization to act upon those issues and find solutions to them. An effective communication inside and outside organization improves the workflow and overall performance. It is therefore necessary for organization to improve their communication and acquire new developed technologies that can beRead MoreThe Importance Of An Effective Communication At A Good Management Organization937 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: workforce engagement is an organization commitment which involves a set of beliefs to enhancing workforce performance and particular activities to achieve a common goal ( Hundley Jacobs Drizin, P8 2007). 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However, the successful implementation of organizational change in response to changes in an organization’s external environment canRead MoreRelevance of Communication to Management1021 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Relevance of Communication to Management SDM 201222101028 Ghana Christian University College Lecturer: Gabriel Annan Date: 15th April 2013 Word Count: Table of Content Pg. Introduction Definition of Terms Relevance of Communication to management Conclusion Reference Introduction Communication is a vital part of personal life more so important in business and management, and any other situation where people encounter each other. Effective Communication is significant forRead MoreSummary And Background Of Fitcube, Inc.1526 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Overview and Background of FitCube, Inc. Communication Dashboards. 2 An example of scenario how this should be handled at FitCube. Importance of Dashboards. Advantage of Dashboards. Communication Plan. An example of scenario how this should be handled at FitCube. Importance of Communication Plan. Advantage of Communication Plan. Contact List 4 An example of scenario how this should be handled at FitCube. Importance of a Contact List Advantage of Contact List Group DiscussionRead MoreUnderstanding The Importance Of Corporate Communication1260 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Understanding the Importance of Corporate Communication: The companies and the organizations communicate through different kinds of channels. All these are defined under corporate communication. Every single types of communication are important for the organization. But before discussing the importance we have to know what corporate communication is. Corporate communication is a combination of different types of activities that are involved to establish a favorable relation between the stakeholderRead MoreImportance Of Project Management For Nurse Students1056 Words   |  5 Pagesas some physical modification of the organization, update of electronic health record, implementing of new system and a program to reduce readmission rate by identifying and monitoring high-risk patient discharges. M. Pontes, interviewee, proudly reported that she has a formal project management schooling (personal communication, September 25, 2014). M. Pontes is a registered nurse with Master’s degree works as a quality control specialist in the organi zation. As a quality control specialist MRead MoreWhy Turnover Is Not Beneficial For Any Organization?1419 Words   |  6 PagesBeneficial for any Organization? In any organization high employee turnover is not cost effective and is time consuming. The credibility of the organization might also be affected if employees do not stay for a good period of time working for them. A good reason employees may resign is being motivated by higher pay. No matter how much someone enjoys working for that organization if better pay is offered somewhere else they will more likely will end up leaving. Every organization must maintain salaryRead MoreCommunication Project Management Plan And Communication Plan1454 Words   |  6 Pages Communication is one of the most complicated aspects of project management. There are an infinite number of projects that has failed due to communication within the project team and the project stakeholders. Communication plan, and stakeholder management plan are one of the most important parts of project management. These two plans are the key for the project to complete successfully. There have been many organizations that do not implement or the stakeholder management plan and communication plan

Assertiveness As A Person Can Possess And Show Essay

There are many factors of personality that a person can possess and show. Each individual person is different and has varying levels of one trait or another. The trait of assertiveness will be the focus of this paper. How the trait is defined, perspectives of the trait, the trait’s origins, advantages and disadvantages to the trait and the author’s personal opinions on the trait from experience are the specific topics that will be discussed in detail on the trait of assertiveness. Trait Definition Assertiveness can be defined in many different ways depending on the way it is being used and the purpose of the definition, but overall there are common descriptions always used to describe assertiveness. The definition of assertiveness is widely accepted as a person’s ability to maintain boundaries and express what is needed and wanted clearly. Assertiveness is also defined as a person’s ability to express emotions that they are feeling despite the consequences. (Deutschendorf, 2009) The 16PF is a personality test that examines the sixteen personality traits that Raymond B. Cattell, Maurice Tatsuoka and Herbert Eber considered the main parts of a person’s overall personality. In their test, assertiveness is associated with a person’s leadership qualities and is defined in a person as self-assured even tempered and resistant to stress. When a decision is made they do not worry about it anymore (Pearson, 2005). The five factor model for personality also defines assertiveness inShow MoreRelatedcoat of arms Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresent each quality in the coat of arms. The idea of placing each symbol in different locations of the coat of arms will also be the part of discussion. Communication is life long learning skills for nurses. Communication can be in different forms. It can be verbal or non verbal. Communication is important for nurses because I believe that it helps to bring the clients closer to nurses and help nurses to build a strong professional nurse-client relationship. â€Å"Effective communicationRead MoreDifferences Between Personality And Personality Theories Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In some ways society can be viewed as being the same. We all strive for the same human nature. We all physically possess human bodies and human minds, which allows us to have thoughts and experience human feelings. However, in contrast, there are ways that we are completely different from each person we do or do not know. People do not share the same exact experiences or perspectives on life. Individuals have unique qualities and hold specific characteristics that show our differing ways of beingRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 Pageshuman behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization or exclusive workplace wanting employees to just show up an d perform a function. There are generally two different types of interpersonal communicationRead MoreEssay on Traits of a True Leader 1038 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately. On a certain dance reality show, the proprietor, who is known for being mean, may have the right to rule her studio with a rod of iron, but the important question to explore is if she will have a studio ten years from now if she continues to run her site in that manner,even given that her methods yield results. Indeed, being firm yet gentle may go far to strengthen morale in that studio. Besides that there are other character traits that can serve to strengthen communication betweenRead MoreLeadership Skills Are Essential For Health Care Providers1460 Words   |  6 Pagesin a leadership portfolio is to identify leadership traits you currently exhibit and ones that could be improved on. Five traits, motives, and characteristics that I already exhibit include assertiveness, self-confidence, trustworthiness, extraversion, and a passion for the work and the people. Assertiveness is an asset to leadership because to be assertive, one has to express demands, opinions, feelings, and attitudes (DuBrin, 2015). This allows leaders to address mistakes made by employees, makeRead MoreEmotional Intelligence On Human Resources2198 Words   |  9 Pagesemployee, but great management can make a company thrive. Emotional intelligence must reign supreme throughout management so much so that it causes a tr ickle-down effect to all employees. Emotional intelligence must be utilized during the recruitment process of new hires and the training process of those employees and preexisting employees. The benefits of emotional intelligence throughout the workplace are numerous. The lack of emotional intelligence in the workplace can lead to the downfall of theRead MoreCognitive Abilities Of An Individual1052 Words   |  5 Pagescognitive abilities should not be hired, as they possess high intelligence. Every individual is considered to become bore soon while performing any task and their chances to leave the job and switch to another are more than of the people with average cognitive ability score. It is more likely that candidates with highest cognitive abilities will be unhappy in the job of the police department, It is also considered that highly intelligent persons are not much effective in working with the averageRead MoreAre You a Good Communicator Essays1164 Words   |  5 PagesAre You A Good Communicator? May 31, 2010 â€Æ' Abstract Thinking that I am basically a good communicator, there is always room for improvement and skills development. Being in a position of authority can be a hindrance if one cannot learn the skills to manage others. Reading and understanding verbal and nonverbal skills will become a major factor in owning my own business. I never really had a problem reading nonverbal signs in relating to others. Prior employment and experience in interviewRead MorePersonal Reflection1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthat I find it challenging to settle down within new groups of people. Whilst on placement I feel it takes a significant amount of time to work within my fullest capacity within the team. Spouse (2008, p.21) state that entering a new placement area can be a daunting experience; suggesting this may be because you are joining a team of strangers who already know each other. However I feel that my previous experience has heightened my apprehension and indeed Bach and Grant (2009) suggest past exp erienceRead MoreEthical Leadership At Building A Workplace Based On Ethical Factors1383 Words   |  6 Pagesthing, vision (Bellingham, 2003, p.22). By possessing strong visions and values within an organization, relationships between leaders and employees improve because of the increase in communication resulting in a growth of the team. Certain factors can be introduced into an organization for improving the vision and values for the team as whole by good communication skills, honest and passionate leader, and an environment built on strong ethics and values .(Bellingham, 2003, p.82). The more psychology

Biography of Alan Greenspan Free Essays

It is somewhat inconceivable that a man often dubbed as the â€Å"second most powerful man in the United States next to the president himself†, was an undergraduate at the Juilliard School, studying the clarinet. A former member of a jazz band and perfectly capable of playing the saxophone, Alan Greenspan is a name known in every American household, where a staggering statistic of 9 out of 10 American adults are acquainted with who Greenspan is, as opposed to knowing who the Vice President of the United States is. Born to a Hungarian Jewish family on March 6, 1926, Alan Greenspan spent his formative years in Washington Heights, New York. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of Alan Greenspan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Having an aptitude for numbers, Greenspan was the one who was often left with the bands bookkeeping and his natural inclination towards business was what prompted his transition from studying musical arts to studying economics. Thus, enrolling at the New York University on September 1944, he went on to earn two degrees in economics, graduating summa cum laude in 1948 and attaining his MA in 1950. Although he was never able to finish his PhD at Columbia University owing to a lack of a dissertation, he attained it later on at NYU in 1977 without having to make the particular requirement as well as honorary Doctor of Commercial Science on December 14, 2005. Almost 40 years before his appointment as chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan’s professional career began as an economic analyst at the National Industrial [Insert Last Name 2] Conference Board, where he stayed on from 1947 to 1953. He then proceeded to open, along with William Townsend, Townsend, Greenspan Company, an economic consulting firm in New York City where he served as the firm’s president and chairman for a little over 33 years. Having accepted the job as a coordinator on domestic policy under Richard Nixon during the presidential campaign in 1968 and later as the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers in 1974 to 1977 under Gerald Ford, the company was seen to be dwindling down from success. Successors to the chairmanship of the Federal Reserve that was being vacated by Paul Volcker were being nominated and Alan Greenspan’s name was among those in mind. Nominated by Ronald Reagan, Greenspan’s nomination hearing went through on July 21 1987 and confirmed by the Senate on August 11, 1987. He was faced with his first ever crisis; the 1987 stock market rash which was one of the biggest crashes in the history of Wall Street. His period serving at the Fed has allowed him to build credibility and flexibility in affecting the economy, combating recession by lowering the interest rates without so putting so much of a shock on the bond market. Serving as the chairman of the Federal Reserve for four terms under past presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton, Greenspan was nominated by President George Bush to serve his fifth tem on May 18, 2004, an extraordinary feat that has yet to be surpassed. Among his many awards and titles that he received during his service was the Presidential Medal of Freedom, bestowed upon him by President George W. bush in November 2005, Knight Commander of the British Empire in 2002 and Commander of the Legion of Honor. Having appointed another successor in the person of yet another former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers to ensure a [Insert Last Name 3] smooth changeover, Greenspan’s stay as a member of the board officially reached a close on January 31, 2006. Converted from being a logical positivist, he became an advocate of Objectivism due to the influence of Nathaniel Branden. He was introduced to Ayn Rand, the Objectivist author who was to become his mentor and friend, by his first wife, Joan Mitchell. A supporter of Rand’s philosophy, Greenspan wrote several literary pieces for the Objectivist newsletters as well as contributions for Capitalism; the Unknown Ideal, Rand’s book published in 1966 among which was an essay supporting the gold standard. A known advocate of laissez faire capitalism, a number of Objectivists find irony in the way that Greenspan supports the gold standard in spite of the Federal Reserve’s role in America’s fiat money system and endogenous inflation. Harry Binswanger claims that Greenspan falls short of his support of the Objectivist and free market principles as evinced by his publicly expressed opinions and actions while working for the Federal Reserve. Following his retirement from the Federal Reserve, Greenspan has a new company; the Greenspan Associates LLC, working as an advisor, making speeches and offering consulting for other firms. He has written his own memoir, The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World, which was published on September 17, 2007. In it, he tells of his history in the service of the U. S. government as well as issues, present and future, concerning global economy, where he voices out his criticisms of President George Bush, VP Dick Cheney and the Republican-controlled Congress. Having been given his third stint as a private adviser, Greenspan was hired by Paulsen Co in the middle of January 2008 to get his input on economic issues and monetary policies. As such, he will be advising them on issues the U. S. economy and the world financial markets. [Insert Last Name 4] Works Cited Sheehan, Fred. â€Å"Alan, We Hardly Know You’. 20 July 2007. Safehaven. 12 April 2008. http://www. safehaven. com/article-8006. htm How to cite Biography of Alan Greenspan, Papers

Looking at women by scott russell sanders free essay sample

The goal of this course is to develop basic skills for facilitating the acquisition of personal and discipline-based knowledge pertaining to Social Sciences. Students will learn to locate pertinent information both in the library and through computer-based resources. In addition, students will develop the capacity to understand the structure of a text, draw out the authors hypotheses and discuss the value of the argument proposed. The course will also focus on developing critical reading skills and refining skills in written and oral communication. COURSE THEME Social movements are agents of transformative social change which influence public policy, reform institutions, change public opinion and contribute to processes of democratization. Even when they fail to bring about substantive changes, activists inspire debate, transform personal behaviors and bring about changes in values and culture. Because of their profound impact, social movements are a central preoccupation of sociological theorizing and analysis. This course will provide an introduction to some of the key sociological concepts, theory and research involved in the study of social movements. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking at women by scott russell sanders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will focus on case studies of historical and contemporary North American and global activism, including the civil rights movement, the womens movement, gay/lesbian activism, environmentalism, the animal rights movement and the global justice movement. We will also expand our focus to nondemocratic contexts in order to understand how these dynamics function in different contexts. Our goal in this course will be to understand some of the ways social movements act to realize their goals but also some of the dilemmas they face in their projects of social change. Introduction to studying the Social Sciences (SCS 1150) GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES Enable the student to reflect on and develop a critical perspective on social phenomena. By examining a specific theme and its causes, consequences and the roles of the players involved, the student will be encouraged to reflect on this theme through individual and group activities. SPECIFIC COURSE OBJECTIVES Develop written and oral communication skills in the student’s primary language. Introduce the student to contemporary issues in the discipline of study. Develop the student’s abilities to analyse and synthesize. Develop the student’s research capabilities to: Carry out a simple research assignment using the appropriate tools Find the necessary information Work independently Develop the student’s capacity to dialogue with others. Use appropriate citation methods COURSE MATERIALS There are two mandatory sets of reading materials: 1. Textbook: Social Movements by Suzanne Staggenborg (available at the University bookstore) 2. Coursepack: SCS 1150 Social Movements theme (available from Rytec Printing, 404 Dalhousie St.) COURSE REQUIREMENTS 1. Students are expected to attend all seminars, have completed readings for each class, be ready to discuss them and to hand all assignments in on time. 2. Students are required to meet the professor twice during the semester: to discuss and finalize the topic for the term paper topic in weeks 4/5 to approve the term paper outline and reference list in weeks 7/8 there is also an optional meeting for the oral presentation in weeks 10/11 You will be asked to sign-up for the meetings. DO NOT miss your appointment. It will not be rescheduled. 3. Please consult Virtual Campus regularly. Important information will be posted here regarding assignments, seminars and due dates. Powerpoint presentations from class lectures will be posted before the final exam review. 4. There are five graded assignments: a. Text Summary: In this assignment you will be asked to summarize a text. This text has been selected by the professor and additional details will be provided in class. b. Outline and annotated reference list: For this assignment you will use the sample provided in class to develop an outline of your final paper. The outline will include an annotated reference list of no less than 6 appropriate and scholarly references. Additional details to be provided in class. c. Term paper: Building on your outline, the term paper assignment is a researchbased paper of approximately 2,000-2,500 words in which you are expected to make Introduction to studying the Social Sciences (SCS 1150)

Critic on Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory Essay Example

Critic on Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory Paper Critic on Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory By: Genevie-An Ortega Suico Albert Bandura is the leading proponent of the Social Learning Theory . This theory focuses on the importance of observational learning, imitation and modeling. According to Bandura (1977), learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for actions. There are three basic social learning concepts in Banduras theory. First, is the idea that people can learn through observation or the observational learning. This was demonstrated in his study the â€Å"bobo doll†. Results showed that children learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people. He then identified three basic models of observational learning: A live model, which involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behavior. A verbal instructional model which involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior. And, a symbolic models which involves real ad fictional characters displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs or online media. Next, is the idea that mental states are important to learning or the intrinsic reinforcement. Here, Bandura emphasized that the environmental reinforcement was not the only factor to influence learning and behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Critic on Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critic on Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critic on Albert Banduras Social Learning Theory specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He described that intrinsic reinforcement as a form of internal reward, such as pride, satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment which he later claimed as the approach of social learning theory. Lastly, Bandura pointed out that learning does not necessarily lead to behavioral change because observational learning showed that an individual is capable to learn new information without demonstrating new behaviors. According to Bandura (2001) cognitive factors partly determine which environment events will be observed, what meaning will be conferred on them, whether they leave any lasting effects, what emotional impact and motivating ower they will have, and how the information they convey will be organized for future use. Moreover, the social learning theory has a modeling processes which requires a learner to have its full attention on a certain information or subject. With enough attention the learner will then have greater retention of the information, thus, pushing the learner to re produce or execute a certain behavior. And, to make the observational learning effective one must be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been showed to him. Thus, the social learning theory has been sometimes called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory and motivation. The Overview The social learning theory of Bandura emphasized the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Most human behaviors are learned observationally through modeling. By observing others, one forms an idea of new behavior in terms of reciprocal interaction between cognitive behavioral and environmental influences. One of the principles underlying social learning theory is that people are more likely to treasure a modeled behavior if they think it will merit and produce outcomes they prefer. It also exhibits ideas that everyday situations are in fact the basis for observational learning. In connection, media plays a vital role in shaping our opinion and behavior or attitude towards a certain learned information (Steel, 1995). It is because all of us are treating mass media as a platform where we can excerpt useful information. Humans don’t just respond to their environment, they interpret them. For the younger generation what they see on TV and internet and heard over the radio is a must have information that they tend to observe a certain behavior keenly or listen to the models words and probably copy it after-wards. Television is just one of the most influential media for behavioral change. Today most teenagers fashion statements are being copied from the styles of a modern Korean, which are very far from the styles of the 1990s. It is because most TV programs now are showing koreanovelas. Even when you are inside the mall most teenagers are wearing Korean inspired make-up and clothes, and in taking pictures most of them poses like a Korean too. On the other hand, there is also harm in watching TV. Television programs sometimes contains violent actions that are somehow dangerous to its viewers. That is why some shows are being marked as parental guidance since television companies cannot actually control the sets of audience watching their programs at a certain period. Some studies shows that more and more children are becoming aggressive during playtime and this can be accounted to their habits of watching TV, just like the â€Å"bobo doll† study of Bandura. Although this is not applicable in general for not all violent and aggressive forms of behaviors are being copied by its audience, since it takes a lot of motivation for an individual to apply a certain learned behavior. Bandura even emphasized that reinforcement doesnt affect the learning of novel responses, but it does determine whether or not observationally acquired behaviors will be put into use. Another example would be the use of words as an expression. Where, most children learn to use a word as their expression because theyve heard it many times from television, radio or even from their elders. Here, expressions are somewhat words used to express a feeling or thoughts. While some of those words are actually considered as â€Å"bad words† yet children are innocent of it, since they dont know its meaning. Hence, it simply demonstrates how a live model can strongly influence an innocent mind but not necessarily to change a behavior. Thus, behaviors can be learned, at least partly, through modeling. Although an individuals attitude and behaviors are somehow product of genetics and environmental influences, yet, the social learning theory of Bandura have explained that human beings may adopt new behaviors by way of observing what others are doing. Thus, the social learning theory is helpful in explaining further how a certain media or even an individual influences another though not necessarily change an individuals outlook but at least explaining the root cause of a certain behavior. References: Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York. General Learning Press. Bandura, A. (2001). The Psi Cafe: Albert Bandura, 2001. Retrieved: March 25, 2005 from the world wide web: http://herkules. oulu. fi/isbn9514272463/html/x533. html Steel, J. R. et. ,al. (1995). Adolescent room culture: Studying Media in the context of everyday life. R

Biography of the Ku Klux Klan Essay

Biography of the Ku Klux Klan Essay Free Online Research Papers Mark Twain once wrote, â€Å"The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.† This quote means so much by saying so little. What he means by this is that all history that has ever been recorded has been done so with prejudice. In the early days it would have been more towards the European immigrants, the 19th century would have been more prejudice towards blacks and slaves, and in modern days it is more towards the Mexican immigrants. Some groups, however, have not changed their prejudice outlook along with history. The Ku Klux Klan is one of them. Throughout the course of history, the Ku Klux Klan, more commonly known as the KKK, has been one of the largest as well as one of the most outspoken groups against race and religion. The first organized Klan first appeared in 1866, soon after the culmination of the Civil War. It was structured by veterans of the Confederate Army, and attracted a large group of followers. In its early days, though, the Klan was not merely an anti-black group. They were focused as much on putting down freed slaves as they were on intimidating Northern businessmen and Southern republicans, killing 1300 republican voters in 1868 alone. This first wave was stopped by Ulysses S. Grant in the early 70s by the Civil Rights Act of 1871. It had already begun to die out, though (Ku). Many people were glad to see this group go, but unfortunately, in the early 20th century it made a sweeping comeback. The new Klan was not quite the same, though. Founded in 1915 by William Joseph Simmons, the Second Ku Klux Klan was a formal membership organization (Ku). It had both a national and a state structure, and would pay men all over the country to organize their own chapters. The success of the new KKK was wildly unexpected. In the 20’s, 15% of the nations eligible members belonged to the Klan (Ku). The second KKK preached more about racism, anti-Catholicism, nativism, and anti-Semitism. Existing more in the South and Midwest than anywhere else, the Klan’s membership exceeded 4 million at times, and in some areas consisted of up to 40% of the eligible male population (Ku). The Klan really started to take control in the 1920’s. Elected officials with KKK ties controlled Tennessee, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Oregon. Many Southern legislatures were also Klan influenced (Ku). In 1924, the Klan secretly tried to take over Anaheim, California. They somehow took over the City Council without revealing that any of them were Klansmen, but were then voted out by a recall election. Later in 1924, at the Democratic National Convention in New York City, the Klan pitted William McAdoo against New York Governor Al Smith, a Catholic (Ku). After much deliberation, both men backed out of the running, giving the Klan a supposed success. They no longer had the unwanted candidate in the running, and temporarily had no worry of their group’s elimination. On the nation’s birth later that year, there was an enormous gathering in New Jersey, where Klansmen burned crosses and effigies of Smith to celebrate their victory (Ku). Alabama was one of the states which had much political pressure from the Klan. Differing from the majority of KKK groups around America, the Alabama organization also had genuine political dreams, not just racial hatred. The Alabama Klansmen were advocates of better public schools, effective prohibition enforcement, expanded road construction, and other progressive political measures. By 1925, the Klan had become a powerful political figure in the state. Hugo Black was elected senator in 1926 and later appointed to the Supreme Court; Bibb Graves, a former chapter head, won the governors office and later became one of the most progressive governors in Alabama’s history (Ku). Throughout his term, he pushed for increased education funding, better public health, new highway construction, and pro-labor legislation. Unfortunately, this gave Klan members a sense of unjust power. They committed many crimes of both physical and mental terror over the course of a few years. Finally, a c onservative named Grover C. Hall Sr. started a counterattack. He attacked the Klan for their intolerance to race and religion through editorials and articles published in his Montgomery Advertiser. Hall was later awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his efforts. In 1928, the state voted for Catholic Al Smith for president and by 1930, the Klan of Alabama’s membership had dropped to under six thousand (Ku). After the Alabama collapse, as well as the rape of Madge Oberholtzer by David Stephenson – the Grand Dragon of Indiana, as well as 14 other states – Klan membership began to drop rapidly (Ku). By the 1930s, the Klan had begun to drop out of political view and was losing everything. In 1939, Grand Wizard Hiram Evans sold the Klan to James Colescott and Samuel Green (Ku). Colescott’s association with Nazi-sympathizer groups further damaged the Klan. Involvement in the 1943 Detroit Race Riot’s as well as efforts to disrupt the American war effort in World War II caused great government grief. In 1944, the IRS filed a report of $685,000 in back taxes against the Klan, which forced Colescott to dissolve the organization later that year (Ku). Although the Klan was no longer an official organization after the 40’s, association continues today in small remaining groups. Membership went from more than one in 30 people in 1920 to less than one in 100,000 people in 2005 (Census). Since its elimination, the Klan has been involved in many brutal incidents, including the bombing of an Alabama church, which killed four young girls, the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in Mississippi, and a mass school bus bombing in Michigan, to stop desegregation of schools. â€Å"Today the only known former member of the Klan to hold a Federal office in the United States is Senator Robert Byrd, who says he ‘deeply regrets’ joining the Klan over half a century ago, when he was about 24 years old. There are currently no known members of the Klan who also hold a Federal office,†(Ku). The Ku Klux Klan has played an immensely important part in the development of America. Although not necessarily a good role, they d id show America what racism can do. They encouraged many to join them, but turned even more against them by showing how ruthless racism could become. On looking back, the lessons the Klan has taught America about how racism hurts everyone are very valuable and will not soon be forgotten.  Ku Klux Klan. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 16 Apr 2006, 16:50 UTC. 16 Apr 2006, 22:18 . Census of United States. US Census Bureau. 2000. April 12th, 2006 . Research Papers on Biography of the Ku Klux Klan Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBringing Democracy to Africa

Introduction to Accounting - AAS3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Accounting - AAS3 - Coursework Example (Morrisons Annual Report, 2012) Moreover, it has 475 stores throughout U.K, while the new CEO, Dalton Phillips has quoted to have said to acquire 100 new stores in London and Southeast. (Morby, 2013) According to their latest annual report, Morrisons employ 131 thousand persons who serve 11 million customers every week. (Morrisons Annual Report, 2012) The current year has brought some positives for the chain of stores in form of two major achievements. Firstly, it has been able to strike a very important deal with Ocado to market its food online, and secondly, it has been able to add 200,000 sq feet of space in only 3 months to cop up with the fierce competition that has prevailed within the industry. (The Guardian, 2013) At present, Morrisons is standing tall due to its good practices in supply chain management, which kept it safe from the latest horsemeat scandal that adversely impacted Tesco. (BBC News, 2013) Today, it is growing at a rapid pace as can be seen by their decision to adopt cash management systems, online food business and the opening of new convenient stores. (Neville, 2013) TABLE OF RATIOS Ratio FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 Industry 2012 Liquidity Quick Ratio 0.25 0.28 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.77 Current Ratio 0.49 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.95 Efficiency Asset turnover 1.70 1.77 1.76 1.80 1.79 1.49 Inventory turnover 27.43 27.56 24.87 24.03 21.67 17.95 Debtors Collection 5.5 6.1 3.4 4.3 3.9 2.5 Capital Structure Debt to Equity 74.4% 82.0% 77.0% 68.8% 82.7% 100.0% Debt to Asset 42.7% 45.1% 43.5% 40.8% 45.3% TIE 10.2 11.2 18.0 26.0 25.3 Profitability GPM 6.3% 6.3% 6.9% 7.0% 6.9% 29.3% OPM 4.7% 4.6% 5.2% 5.5% 5.6% 6.1% NPM 4.3% 3.2% 3.9% 3.8% 3.9% 3.8% ROCE 10.6% 10.8% 12.2% 12.9% 13.1% RATIO ANALYSIS The very objective of any business is to earn profits, thus financial strength plays a key role in its success. However, profit is not the only measure to assess the strength of the organization as many factors such as its ability to meet its obligations, its growth, its leverage and its efficiency of operations are some important factors in the process. (Brigham, 1998) Thus in order to better understand the Morrisons, not only the trend of the ratios will be considered but its current performance with respect to its industry will be considered as well. Liquidity The ratios of Morrisons indicate its lesser liquid position with a quick ratio that has hovered around 25% only since FY2008. Despite the assumption that Morrisons deals in an industry that prefers keeping large amount of stocks, even then the industrial average of 77% is 3.7 times larger than the 21% of Morrisons. Moreover, the current ratio which ignores the impact of inventory also suggests the same story which increased to 57% from the last year’s 55%, and still has remained considerably below the industry’s average of 95%. However, one may interpret such information in a positive manner as retail sector prefers low amount of cash to ensure minimum cash ly ing idle. Moreover, the size of Morrisons cannot be denied that allows it to stock large amounts of inventory on credit which only depicts the strength of the Morrisons than any liquidity crunch. (Brigham, 1998) Efficiency The efficiency ratios of Morrisons suggest an efficient system of operations. While asset turnover remained stable at 1.8 since last year, the inventory turnover posted a significant decline from 24 to 21.7, which was still better than

Subarctic Hunters Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Subarctic Hunters - Research Paper Example The Inland Tlingit people living in the Subarctic include the Carrier, Dene and Cree. While the Algonquin people occupy the east, the Athapaskan people occupy the west (Holly 10). Despite the slight variation in the culture and language of these groups, the Subarctic hunters generally have similarities in their lifestyles that sought to make them adapt to the harsh environment they lived in. Traditionally, the Subarctic people were hunters, though they also fished and gathered plants and berries. From an early age, boys were taught how to hunt as this would remain part of their daily activities for the rest of their lives. While men were involved in big-game hunting, women were mostly involved in snaring hare, fishing, processing hides and cutting and drying meat (Anthony 3). Bows and arrows were used in hunting together with other indigenous traps, deadfalls, snares and devices such as the pound and caribou drift fence. The thin distribution of wild animals, making them only available seasonally or locally contributed to the scarce population in the region estimated to have about 60,000 people. The Subarctic hunters had cultural concepts that appreciated both the need for personal competence and also the reliance on others and the need to put the group’s interest ahead of individual interests. Thus, personalities such as deference to others, self-control, reticence and emotionally undemonstrative styles of interaction were fostered according to O’Neil. The traditions of the Subarctic people associated illness with soul loss. Cures were therefore sought from shamans, women and men with strong spirit powers (Pritzker 483). Shamans also found lost things and foretold the future. Similarly, their religion had everyone believe in various natural powers. They fasted, held vigils and dreamt so as to attract guardian spirits to provide assistance. They respected nature, and food animals formed

Macro--economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Macro--economic - Essay Example It will recover at some point, but we are probably two or three years away." 2. Introduction In February 2011, the Obama administration issued â€Å"Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market† (Reforming America’s Housing Finance Market – A Report To Congress, accessed 8 May, 2011). The extensive ranging and significant study was motivated by the view that: â€Å"The housing finance system must be reformed. It is the vital link to sustainable home ownership and rental options for millions of Americans, and it is central to our nation’s economy. We allowed its flaws to go unchecked for too long, contributing to a financial collapse that strained families, decimated communities, and pushed the economy into the worst recession since the Great Depression† (p.31). Since the housing market in the US is undergoing a period of depression even now, an analysis of the article with regard to aggregate demand and aggregate supply of the housing market is discussed in this report. Apart from this all other relevant areas of macro economics will be discussed with a summary at the end of the report as a conclusion will be added. 3.1 Macroeconomics According to Gwartney et al, (2006) macroeconomics is a part of the study of economics which centers on the aggregate economic system. Macroeconomics examines the economy at a national/global level and is related with the economy as a whole. According to Susan Wachter et al (2010), "Housing, which usually leads us out of recession and into recovery, will be a lagging indicator this time. Consumers will look to the health of the whole economy to decide whether to make a home purchase or not." 3.2 Analysis of macroeconomics with regard to housing situation in the US: CASE-SHILLER HOUSE PRICE INDEXES U.S. Home Price Index Quarterly 2000-2010 Source: Bloomberg The above graph shows that the rising fall of the house prices nationwide has exceeded 32% from the 2006 peak, as measured by the Case- S hiller House Price Index (chart). Almost five million households have lost their homes through legal proceedings or short selling. With the exclusion of house prices and legal proceeding, the majority housing-linked standards have reached the bottom, but a healthy revival is doubtful (Bloomberg). The fundamental issue with the residential housing market is linked to a constant imbalance between supply and demand. The basic demand for housing stays gloomy while the supply of unsold homes stays disproportionate. The result is evident as sales of homes are Home sales are dormant, new construction stays exceptionally low, and nationwide house prices carry on to weaken. The demand for housing is also at a low range inspite of low-cost in most major markets. This has led to negative look at the house prices by the consumers and new house hold creation has decreased by 50%. The supply also is on the decrease because there were massive number of houses built during 2000-2007 and record numb er of foreclosures (Bloomberg). 3.3 Aggregate demand curves Source: McConnell, 2010 Aggregate demand curve depicts the quantities of real GDP that purchasers jointly want to buy at each potential price level. The correlation between the price level and the quantity of real GDP required is reverse or negative. In reality with every increase in the real GDP

Police Brutality And Its Effects On Society Criminology Essay

Police Brutality And Its Effects On Society Criminology Essay 1. Introduction Police brutality has occurred all across the world and is still a major concern amongst society and police organisations. This brutality ranges from assaults, death as a result of use of force, harassment, Etc. It takes two forms (Thompson: 2004), which is physical brutality which includes assaults, and non-physical brutality which includes use of verbal language. In South Africa cases of brutality has been part of country history as it was happening during apartheid era because of protests, and at the present moment it is much worse as people have rights and most people have access to camcorders to record such incidents which at the later stage attract media attention. According to Burger (2011) public is slowly losing trust in the police because of amongst other things such as brutality itself, criminal behaviour and abuse of power. Sean & Tait (2011) explained that most brutality cases within the South African Police Service derived from members of public order policing (POP) as they normally deal with gathering and protests. Sharpville massacre is one of the example of which 69 people were killed and 180 injured as a result of police action on 21 March 1960 and recently is the killing of Andries Tatane and thirty four Marikana Lonmin striking miners by the members of South African Police Service. 2. Literature Review Considering this body of literature, researches were conducted by different authors nationally and internationally to address issue of police brutality and its effects to society. Before going further with this topic police brutality, the term police brutality is defined as follows: Thompson (2004) defines Police brutality as any instance in which a police officer using unnecessary excessive force to or while interacting with members of public while performing his or her duties. These brutalities take two forms which is physical and non-physical, physical includes actions such as killing someone, E.g. thirty four mining strikers who were killed by the police at lonmin mine, and non-physical which includes verbally abusing the public. There is literature that are relevant to the topic and some of the findings were categorised as follows: Bruce (2003) explained that the statistics from South Africa Police Service watch dog, also known as independent complaints directorate (currently known as IPID) revealed cases of brutalities against members of the service and organisation from period April 1997 to March 2001. These brutalities were categorised as from death as a result of police action (excludes death in custody), torture, assaults and attempted murder. He further said besides reporting cases of brutalities the public are also not satisfied with the service rendered by the police. Gary (2003) argued that police brutality is also part of South African history. He mentioned that during apartheid regime many people of which majority were black people had suffered brutality from the hands of the police more especially in South African townships. His statement was supported by photographic images of one of the victim known as Hector Peterson, a thirteen year old who was shot by the police in Soweto. Apart from Peterson tragedy there were also photos of white police official beating and shooting black protesters and the death of Steve Biko who was murdered in police custody for political reasons. Gary (2003:9) believes that the past police also benefited from these brutalities and they were very effective than the present police force mainly because they were feared by the public. He said crime then was too low and it was likely that people were afraid to report cases because police then were not approachable. Masuku (2004) believes that Police Managers lack of monitoring of members conduct is one of the reasons why South Africa is having high number of cases of police violence. He mentioned that procedures are incorrectly followed in the service and records are not properly kept and as a result a member commits the same offence now and then. He said Independent complaints directorate (ICD) findings for the annual report 2002-2003 revealed number of cases whereby people were shot and killed by the police and to date it does not indicate how many were illegal and how many were legitimate. He said standing order 251 which requires factual reports of all shooting incidents is not practiced correctly within the service. He said that they are other cases of police misconduct such as torture and non-lethal force were also not monitored correctly and as a fact police officers gets off easily. Studies conducted by, Minaar & mistry (2006) showed that use of unnecessary excessive force by the police is mostly related to officers wellbeing such as stress. They conducted interviews with members based at Gauteng province and the finding were that members work circumstances such as interacting with suspects is the reason for police action of violence. He also mentioned that counselling and stress management should play a vital role in member wellbeing but criticised the member code of silence. Shawn & Tait (2011) studies revealed that most brutalities in South Africa derived from violent protests by public and involves member of public order policing within the police such as tactical response team and combat crime unit. He also mentioned that cases of brutalities had increased since 2006 as a result of protests by public. He said that these members resorts to the use of excessive force as last resorts more especially when they are outnumbered by the public and often leads to death of protesters and one example of that is marikana massacre. Other studies conducted by burger (2011) states that the brutalities, criminal behaviour and other misconducts by the police has negative effect on public trust and confidence. He further said that society must trust and also have faith in police for their own safety. It seems as this is impossible for the police as the recent reports and images of police brutalities speak another thing such as marikana lonhill miners massacre which was broadcasted on television for days, video footage of ficksburg protester andries tatane who lost his life in the hands of police, video of members of tactical response team at abar in Johannesburg and a restaurant in Melville which was shown on 3rd degree on e-tv and the recent case of Mozambican taxi driver who was tied at the back of police vehicle and dragged and later died in police custody. Again, Bruce (2011) on another article, beyond Section 49, says use of force by members of South African Police Service is being misused and it is uncontrollable and that the policy needs to be amended so that the police can work effectively. He again on this article mentioned the killing of Andries Tatane as one of the victim of such abuse of power by the police. 3. Rationale/ Significance of research The study is important as it is focused on the difference between the police and the general public mainly because of police brutalities and use of unnecessary excessive force and is also aimed at benefiting both the police and the society to refrain from problem. One organisation such as South African Police Service (SAPS) has its tasks and one is to mobilize the community to act against local crime in terms of newly implemented sector policing and this seems to be unachievable because of the recent cases of brutalities by its members. The objective was to have the police and the public to work together but now because of the police brutality images such as marikana lonmin massacre that were view by the society nationwide this seems to be impossible. Police brutality affects everyone, such as the government, police, organisation and the public, and this proposed study is aimed at preventing future brutalities and improve police-society working relationship. The above categories will benefit from the study as follows: Police Officers: The study will benefit officer as these brutalities normally have consequences and might ruin the future career. Society: The society will also benefit as they depend on police for their safety and be brutalised as a result. Organisation: The organisation will also benefit as it will finally realise the seriousness of this brutalities and also to deal with culprits to set an example to other police officers and again to ensure that their members are well trained and equipped to deal with the public in a peaceful manner. Other researchers: This study will also benefit future researchers and hopefully brings new developments. 4. Research Problem Statement In a country like South Africa the citizens expect police to do their work in a professional manner and also be accountable to their actions. They expect police officers to protect them and their properties and also uphold the law of the country. These police officers have powers invested to them and are governed by certain legislation to perform their duties and the public are also have to be treated in a dignified manner in terms of the rights given by the constitution. It then becomes a problem because criminal procedure act section 49 gives police officer powers to use force to overcome any situation and such powers are the misused by certain police officers as they use them where it is not necessarily. Police officer as members of public themselves work under extreme situations, such as members of public order policing who deal with public violence and protests as they are used to violence and whenever approached they may also use the force which may result in death of citizens such as ficksburg protester Andries Tatane. Independence directorate complaints statistics (Bruce: 2003) reveals number of citizens who suffered as a result of these brutalities, although most of them were not covered by the media but it affect the community in such a way that they lose trust in the police. 5. Research Question or Hypothesis Statement The main research question of this study is: Can Police managers better reduce or prevent brutalities and unnecessary use of excessive force and how serious is this to the society? There are researchers in South Africa such as Shawn and Tait (2011) who have identified factors such situational, individual and organisational as reason that may influence other Police officers to unreasonably use excessive force and brutality against the public. The following Hypothesis statements (Akdogan, 2009:3) clearly explain the problem of police brutality: They are Job satisfaction and work related stress usually affects police official attitudes towards avoiding or put an end to brutality and unreasonable use of excessive force; Police Official post such as a member who is based at Tactical Response Team (TRT) and Combat Crime Unit (CCU), who have low attitude than those who are posted at stations because they deal with riots and are likely to apply excessive use of force. Lastly, Laws relating to police conduct towards society such as section 49 of Criminal Procedure Act and citizen Bill of Rights in terms of the Constitution. 6. Aim and objectives This study aims to provide all police officials with information on how to serve its public and also how to avoid brutalities and their consequences thereof, how it impacts the organisation, the government and the community as a whole. This study also intends to highlight areas within the police force such a development of employees that needs to be improved and assessed to avoid such brutalities in future. 7. Research Design and Methodology This proposed study will employ triangulation mixed method, De Vos (2012: 442) meaning that it will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods. In a case of quantitative research theories are tested and confirmed by means of measured numbers and statistical analysis such as those statistics revealed by independent directorate complaints (ICD). Whereas, in a case of qualitative research words are important than numbers and also involvement of people in studies plays a vital role and an example is a research done by, Minaar & mistry (2006) which involved members. 7.1. Research Design: For quantitative studied survey designs is suitable for these proposed study as the topic itself is not concerned about police brutality alone, it is also concerned about how it affect society and then a population group needs to be identified to gather data. 7.2. Unit of Analysis: This proposed study includes more than one unit analysis which is individual within the organisation such as police officers, organisation which these individual represents and the social interaction or behaviour of these individual such as police use of violence and brutality. These mention units need to be analysed to carry out the study. 7.3. Identification of Variables: For the sake of this research independent variable is identified which is section 49 of criminal procedure act which give police officers powers to use force and the dependent variable which is the bill of rights which gives citizen right to be treated in a dignified manner, In simple term is that use of force violates human rights. 7.4. Sample and sample type: For sampling purpose, other stakeholders will be included such as community, police officers or organisation, department of justice, etc. by means of simple random sampling which will give others opportunity to participate and that will be determined by using table of random numbers from the population. 7.5. Data Collection Methods: Methods of collecting data will vary based on types of people affected by police violence for the purpose of quantitative research and the most suitable method for this proposed study is survey questionnaire (welman 2005:152) as it is concerned about the background of individual and the difference will however determine whether everyone understands the seriousness of the effects and for qualitative research method that will be utilised is interviews. 7.6. Data analysis: For the purpose of this proposed study data information will be gathered from statistics and interviews and will be used to answer the research question. In a case of quantitative research information will be gathered from statistics and reports and then analysed according to categories such as the total number of fatal force used by police officers quarterly, and in a case of qualitative research (De Vos 2011:402) information will be gathered from interview recordings, visual materials, etc. 8. Ethical consideration/ constraints: Before studies commences, ethical issues needs to be identified and reviewed to ensure that potential participant are not exposed to harm. De Vos (2011: 115-126) and Welman (2005: 182) identified ethical issues that needed to be taken into consideration to ensure that all participants are protected and information gathered is legitimate. An approval from research ethics committee is also important as it will protect participants from researchers who conduct studies in an unethical manner. At the end of the study all findings and results that will be presented will be that obtained during the study. 9. Overview of the Chapter Structure This chapter started by focusing on the research main question which was directed to the managers of the organisation, that what can they do better to better the situation or problem the society is facing and also how to render effective service. The chapter was further discussed and three components (hypothesis) were highlighted that managers should look into when addressing the problem and finally the methods were identified to carry out the studies in order to reach the aims and objective of this proposal. 10. Research Time Schedule According to, De Vos et al (2011:111) a project should include a work plan. As organisation is responsible for behaviour of its members, then a time frame for this project is one year. Then an organisation can make analysis of reported cases and then used its findings to compare to the previous to determine the difference to achieve the aims of the proposal. 11. Budget This study does not require any financial planning as lack or insufficient training was seen as factor that is needed to educate and provide police officers with skills on how to handle the public and that has been done by the organisation for a period of time. 12. Preliminary List of Reference/ Bibliography BRUCE, D. 2011. Beyond Section 49: control of the use lethal force. SA Crime Quarterly, 36: 3-12 BRUCE, D. 2003. What the Independent Complaints Directorate Statistics tell us (or not): Gripes or grievances? SA Crime Quarterly, 4: 23-30 BURGER, J. 2011. To Protect and Serve: Restoring Public Confidence in the SAPS. SA Crime Quarterly, 36: 13-22 DE VOS, A. S, STRYDOM, H. FOUCHE, C. B & DELPORT, C. S. L. 2011. Research at Grass Roots: For the social sciences and human service professions. 4th ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik. KYNOCH, G. 2003. Personal Security concerns in South African Townships: Apartheid Nostalgia. SA Crime Quarterly, 5: 7-10 MASUKU, T. 2004. National Monitoring of Police Misconduct: number that counts. SA Crime Quarterly, 8: 5-10 MINAAR, A & MISTRY, D .2006. Dealing with the use of force and stress related violence by members of the police: some observation from selected case studies in Gauteng province, South Africa. Acta criminological, 19(3): 29-63 TAIT, S, & MARKS, M. 2011. You strike a Gathering, You Strike a rock- current debate in the Policing of Public Order in South Africa. SA Crime Quarterly, 38: 12-22 WELMAN, J. C, KRUGER, S. J & MITCHEL, B. 2005.Research Methodology. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Oxford.

Compare and Contrast The Day After Tomorrow and Outbreak Essay

Which of these movies provides a more effective wake-up call about impending global catastrophes? â€Å"The Day After Tomorrow† and â€Å"Outbreak† both raise important concerns regarding the world that we live in. The first movie seems to serve mainly as a warning that as a people of this planet we need to do everything in our power to stop destroying our world. â€Å"Outbreak† demonstrates the vulnerability of the United States and for that matter all nations of the world in dealing with large epidemics. Though both movies raise legitimate concerns they also both are quite sensationalized in order spice it up for moviegoers. The most effective movie in providing a wake up call for humanity is totally debatable and is entirely dependent on the eye of the beholder. In â€Å"The Day After Tomorrow† a climatologist’s warning of the possibility of massive cataclysmic climate changes caused by global warming go unheeded. His predictions of the consequences of such actions just so happen to occur sooner than anyone had ever expected. This movie served as the ultimate example what could happen if as a world community we do not clean up our acts. Continued consumption of nonrenewable resources, increased carbon dioxide emissions and further depletion of the Ozone layer could though most likely not on the scale illustrated occur in one form or another. The moral of this film is summed up by Dennis Quaid’s character in the last scene when he mutters his last few lines stating that hopefully humani...

Responses to Three Employment Law Encounters Essay

Fast Serve Inc. is a 25 million company, which employs more than 350 people involved in the direct marketing of branded sports apparel. The company decided to open two online marketing and 10% of the workplace was moved to manage the online distribution. After several months, the company noted that they were being affected by this last measure and was going to have to take steps to ensure that the Company is not affected. I am the senior manager in human resources department and was given the task of having to choose three of six employees for layoffs. As responsible leaders and managers have the task and responsibility to evaluate them in a fair and equitable way for all parties. The Company had a record of the human resources department as these six employees had performed their work for the past two years. Be evaluated on performance, Productivity, Special achievements, educational qualification, skills and job responsibility and absenteeism. Firing people is not an easy matter but we have to understand that companies go through changes and you need to change strategies so our companies succeed in, but we have to keep in mind is that we do it in the best way for both parties. After doing an extensive analysis and consultation with legal counsel and others from the company arrives to terms of whom would be the three selected  for layoff. The first was Carl Haimes, though his performance and Productivity was average had some things that made me think it was not so important for the company, evaluating his special achievements he had nothing significant in the past two years and this was an area that was assessed with greater weight and do not want to leave people with high recognition off the company. The performance and other things I realized that Haimes was not essential to the company, but the lawyer told me that it would not be a good time to lay off Because he could argue discrimination based on sexual orientation. The 1964 civil rights acts protects you from any act of discrimination and this could be detrimental to the company if Haimes says there is a kind of discrimination by the company. After several analyses it was decided to continue with the decision to layoff Haimes although this remains to be seen in court since Haimes joined an association to protect the gay community and will go against us for discrimination by sexual orientation. Sarah Boyd is a lady who has a lot in the company but its overall performance is average and does not have any special achievement, though it is painful for many years working in the company this is the second selected  for layoff. We were initially concerned that his age and the Age Discrimination Act could affect our company, but we had doubts that it would go against the company to which he had so much respect and for which he had worked for so many years. After evaluating and analyzing deeply Mrs. Boyd’s situation it was decided to talk with her and her supervisor and explain them that layoffs in dispatch are inevitable and work out to make a severance package that is fair and acceptable to Mrs.  Boyd and to the company. Jenny Mills is the third selected to layoff; her work is average and has no special achievement. Although his work is satisfactory overall their performance skills are not critical. In spite of that I and the lawyer and other people felt it was the best decision we were afraid there was something that could affect the company, she is pregnant and we as leaders and managers need to know that there are laws that protect pregnant women. Pregnancy Discrimination Act which says that any employee can’t force women to leave their jobs because of their status and if this is done it would be violating and discriminating against women. But after analyzing the situation was stipulated to continue his layoff because she has skills that are non critical and therefore would be giving his layoff with a more compelling reason. We have to be very careful about making decisions in companies, we have to advise us well and be very aware of all the laws that protect the company and employees.

Public Health and Health Promotion Essay Example

Public Health and Health Promotion Essay Example Public Health and Health Promotion Paper Public Health and Health Promotion Paper The framework of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention is also useful for bringing pharmacy and public health together. Primary prevention includes health promotion and requires action on the determinants of health to prevent disease occurring. It has been described as refocusing upstream to stop people falling in to the waters of disease. Secondary prevention is essentially the early detection of disease, followed by appropriate intervention, such as health promotion or treatment. Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of the disease and promote quality of life through active rehabilitation. From the GCU Library, select and review three recent (published within the last five years) journal articles (one of each of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of health promotion) in nursing practice. Prepare an essay (750-1,000) words in which you review and compare the three articles you have selected for this assignment. Address the following: 1) How is health promotion defined? Health promotion could be defined as an approach that goes further than just health care. It is the practice of empowering individuals with knowledge and education to better prevent illness, aide in screening for illnesses to detect any issues that may be unknown without the early screening tools, and instruct and educate on an illness once it has been diagnosed to prevent further deterioration of health. It also includes laws that are reviewed and passed that attribute to quality health care. 2) What is the purpose of health promotion in nursing practice? The purpose of health promotion in nursing is to aide in the prevention of disease and promotes a healthy community. 3) How are nursing roles and responsibilities evolving in health promotion? 4) Explain the implementation methods for health promotion that encompasses all areas of nursing. 5) Compare the three levels of health promotion prevention.

Radiation Therapy essays

Radiation Therapy essays Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered the X-Ray in 1895. Since then, the treatment has been used to successfully treat cancer patients. The process uses small amounts of very high-energy radiation to destroy the cancerous cells, making them unable to reproduce. However, the x-rays themselves do not cause the damage, the x-rays react with the water and other compounds in the cell and make free radicals and peroxides, which then react with the DNA. In addition to getting rid of the cancer, radiation therapy can also be used to alleviate a cancer patients pain. There are many different types of radiation therapy; all using different sets of equipment and requiring the knowledge of specifically trained professionals. Perhaps the most commonly known one is External Beam Therapy. External Beam Therapy (EBT) eliminates the need for needles or instruments entering the body, and no radioactivity circulates within your body. Working with EBT requires a group effort; there are many different people who contribute. A radiation oncologist decides where the radiation will be administered, as well as the angles at which the beams are directed. His goal is to spare as much normal tissue as possible. Medical radiation physicists aid in this process, and radiation therapists will deliver the actual treatment. The patient will usually be treated lying down, and the whole treatment takes only about 15-30 minutes. EBT is used mostly to treat breast cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Depending on the type of cancer, radiation therapy can have several different side effects. In treating breast cancer, the most common side effect is a topical reaction. Some patients develop itching or dryness on the skin. For lung cancer, a general fatigue can be expected in the weeks directly following the treatment, as well as skin irritation, loss of appetite and some hair loss. More serious side effects can include r ...

Self Image Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self Image - Research Paper Example Low self image individuals on the other hand are not resilient and are less motivated when it comes with handling adversity. Esteem also influences achievement of goals and is thus a very important element of personal development. In this paper I will be looking at the effect of self esteem on individuals. Research has shown that individuals with high self esteem to be more motivated, take great personal care and persist in their strive for fulfilment of aspirations and goals in life. In the school settings for instance, those students who perform well in their class work are associated with high self esteem. However, interestingly self high esteem is to a large extend an outcome of good performance. Good performers are high in self esteem; boosting self esteem may not boost performance and in fact could be counterproductive. The situation is the same also among adults especially in the work place. Job success for instance is associated with high self esteem; success actually boosts personal self esteem. Resilience and persistence when it comes to working for the attainment of personal goals follows high self esteem. It motivates individuals to ignore the environment and go right for their goals in academics, personal and corporate life. It thus is thus an important force that works t o facilitate persistence even after the individuals have experienced failure (Baumeister & Campbell et al, 2003). Individuals considered to have high esteem are also associated with attractiveness, being likable and ultimately having good interpersonal relationships. These individuals also tend to impress when it comes to relating with others. However, high self esteem persons in the end tend to alienate. Esteem therefore influences the nature and to some extends the duration of relationships. At school, in the workplace and even out there in the community persons with high self esteem have been found to have better impressions but in the end alienate others.

Nautilus Incorporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nautilus Incorporation - Research Paper Example The summarized findings of the financial analysis are outlined below: 1. Sales level of the company has been on a declining trend and the company’s sales are reduced to $180 million from $517 million. 2. For investors, both earning per share as well as dividend payout ratio, have shown very disgusting results. 3. The profitability position of the company is quite disappointing as the company incurred losses in first four years, but generated some profits in 2011. 4. Total Assets of the company have been on a declining trend as well, but there is a slight improvement in 2011. 5. Leverage position of the company has reflected negative results such that debt ratio has increased from 50% to 60% and the level of debt is on an increasing trend which is an alarming sign for the company. 6. Equity position of the company has also shown some bitter results such that it is reduced by 6 times from 2007. 7. Operating cash flows have remained quite volatile during last five years. 8. Free cash flows to firm are predicted to be increased by 10% every year. 9. The risk position of the company is not good at all and the company still in high risk zone. 10. A discount rate of 35% is used to discount the free cash flows. Introduction Nautilus Inc. is one of the constituent of NASDAQ member companies. ... well as the predicted free cash flows for the next five years have also been estimated by utilizing a relatively higher but an appropriate discount factor. Appendix has also been attached after the conclusion of this article in which the computations of some ratios have been displayed. Conclusion in the end will summarize financial analysis under this article. Sales Analysis If the sales of NLS are taken into consideration, it can be noticed that the company seems far behind from the objective of maintaining a persistent growth rate. The sales behavior of the company cannot be termed as healthy by any means due to significant shrinkages in the level of sales. From 2007 till 2010, the company suffered a continuous decline in its sales on yearly basis. The overall growth rate of sales level of the company has remained negative. The prime reason behind this sales decline is the change in the preferences of the people after recession as they took a defensive stance and avoided incurring expenditures on health and fitness based equipments. However, there is a very light ray of hope in the year 2011 where the company managed to increase its sales by around 7%. Overall the company’s past record imposes a solid question mark regarding the future level of sales because with this level of growth, the company would not be able to sustain for a longer period of time. The following table highlights the actual sales level and growth from 2007 till 2011: Years 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Sales 180,412 168,450 189,260 411,178 501,471 Growth 7.10% -11.00% -53.97% -18.01% - Investors’ Ratio Analysis There are two basic ratios that have been computed in order to judge the performance of the company with respect to the equity investors. These two ratios are earning per share and dividend